Line-Follower Robot
Build and calibrate a low-speed line follower using a sensor array and differential drive.
Learning objective
Build and calibrate a low-speed line follower using a sensor array and differential drive.
Components and tools
- Development board
- Current-limited low-voltage supply
- Digital multimeter
- Oscilloscope or logic analyser
- Emergency power disconnect
Safety before motion
- Use a bounded floor course away from stairs and people.nLimit speed and add a physical stop switch.nProtect sensors from motor supply noise.
Practical procedure
- Lift wheels and verify motor directions.nCalibrate sensor values on line and background.nCompute weighted line position/error.nRun at low speed with proportional steering.nAdd derivative/integral only after stable tracking.
Measurement checkpoints
| Checkpoint | Expected | Instrument | Safety limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor contrast | Clear line/background separation | Serial Plotter | Calibrated thresholdnTracking |
Troubleshooting
| Symptom | Check | Corrective action |
|---|---|---|
| Turns wrong way | Error sign/motor direction | Correct mappingnLoses sharp bends |
Engineering sizing tools
Calculate before powering
Mandatory pre-start gate
Machine safety checklist
The simulated enable button remains locked until every item is confirmed.