Technical specifications
- Manufacturer
- STMicroelectronics
- MCU / Part
- STM32F401RE
- Architecture
- Arm Cortex-M4F
- Logic voltage
- 3.3 V
- Recommended input
- USB / VIN per Nucleo manual
- GPIO limits
- 3.3 V; only explicitly FT-marked pins tolerate 5 V
- Flash
- 512 KB
- RAM
- 96 KB
- Clock
- Up to 84 MHz
- ADC
- 16-channel 12-bit ADC device class
- DAC
- None
- PWM / timers
- Multiple timer channels
- Connectivity / buses
- UART, I²C, SPI, I²S, USB OTG
- Programmer
- On-board ST-LINK / SWD
- Debugger
- On-board ST-LINK/V2-1
Pin reference
| Pin | Type | Main functions | Electrical note |
|---|
| PA13/PA14 | SWD | SWDIO/SWCLK | Reserved for debugger by default |
| PA2/PA3 | UART | USART2 TX/RX on Nucleo virtual COM | 3.3 V logic |
| PB8/PB9 | I²C | SCL/SDA common mapping | Open-drain pull-ups required |
| PA5/PA6/PA7 | SPI | SCK/MISO/MOSI | 3.3 V logic |
| BOOT0/NRST | Boot/reset | Boot selection and reset | Follow board jumpers |
| 3V3/5V/GND | Power | Board rails | 5 V rail is not GPIO level |
Features and compatibility
Arduino headers, mbed support, floating point, low power
Verify the exact board revision and manufacturer documentation before wiring. Never apply 5 V to a 3.3 V-only GPIO.
Open official datasheet/documentation ↗Deep reference
Architecture, electrical limits and engineering guidance
- Exact MCU / SoC
- STM32F401RE
- Maximum GPIO current
- 3.3 V; only explicitly FT-marked pins tolerate 5 V
- EEPROM / NVM
- Use internal data flash/NVS/flash emulation where supported; include wear levelling and power-fail protection.
- Interrupts / DMA
- GPIO/peripheral interrupts are available. DMA capability is device-specific; confirm channels, request mapping and memory-access restrictions in the reference manual.
- Sleep and power
- Use the light/deep/standby modes offered by the device. Measure board current because regulators, LEDs and USB interfaces can dominate MCU sleep current.
- Boot and programming
- Confirm boot-mode pins before reset. Use the official bootloader/programmer and retain a recoverable debug/programming header.
Special and restricted pins
Reset, clock, debug, USB, crystal and analogue-reference pins have special electrical or boot functions. Avoid loading them until the boot sequence is understood.
Boot-strapping warnings
Check BOOT/RESET/programming pin truth tables before assigning peripherals; keep required pull resistors fitted.
I/O voltage warnings
3.3 V domain. Never exceed VDD + permitted injection limits; level-shift incompatible modules and share ground only where safe.
Memory map and registers
Start with the memory map: code flash, SRAM, peripheral registers and system/control space. Use vendor headers instead of hard-coded addresses, then study GPIO direction/output/input, clock-enable, interrupt and timer registers.
Board-selection guidance
Choose this device only after checking logic voltage, required interfaces, memory margin, timers/ADC resolution, debugging access, package availability and long-term tool support.
Common faults and troubleshooting
Not detected: verify data USB cable, driver, boot mode and target power. Upload failure: select the exact target and programmer. Unstable operation: inspect supply ripple, reset, clock and watchdog cause. Wrong readings: check reference voltage, grounding, pin multiplexing and calibration.
Interview and viva questions
What is the difference between an absolute maximum and an operating limit?
Absolute maximum prevents damage; reliable design stays within recommended operating conditions.
Why must peripheral clocks be enabled?
Many MCUs gate clocks to save power; registers may not operate until the peripheral clock is enabled.
Why preserve a debug interface?
It enables programming, breakpoints, fault inspection and production recovery.
What causes GPIO damage?
Over-voltage, excess source/sink current, negative injection, ESD or driving against another output.
