Technical specifications
- Manufacturer
- Raspberry Pi
- MCU / Part
- RP2040
- Architecture
- Dual-core Arm Cortex-M0+
- Logic voltage
- 3.3 V
- Recommended input
- 1.8–5.5 V VSYS
- GPIO limits
- 3.3 V; GPIO is not 5 V tolerant
- Flash
- 2 MB external on Pico
- RAM
- 264 KB
- Clock
- 133 MHz nominal
- ADC
- 3 exposed 12-bit inputs + internal temperature channel
- DAC
- None
- PWM / timers
- 16 PWM channels
- Connectivity / buses
- 2 UART, 2 I²C, 2 SPI, USB, 8 PIO state machines
- Programmer
- USB UF2 / SWD
- Debugger
- SWD / debug probe
Pin reference
| Pin | Type | Main functions | Electrical note |
|---|
| GPIO0–GPIO22 | GPIO/Peripheral | UART/I²C/SPI/PWM/PIO mux | 3.3 V only |
| GPIO26–GPIO28 | Analog/GPIO | ADC0–ADC2 | Analog range 0–3.3 V |
| RUN | Control | Active-low chip enable/reset | Do not drive above IOVDD |
| SWDIO/SWCLK | Debug | SWD interface | 3.3 V logic |
| VSYS/3V3_EN/3V3/GND | Power | Input/regulator/output/ground | Follow power-path guidance |
Features and compatibility
PIO, dual core, USB, low cost
Verify the exact board revision and manufacturer documentation before wiring. Never apply 5 V to a 3.3 V-only GPIO.
Open official datasheet/documentation ↗Deep reference
Architecture, electrical limits and engineering guidance
- Exact MCU / SoC
- RP2040
- Maximum GPIO current
- 3.3 V; GPIO is not 5 V tolerant
- EEPROM / NVM
- Use internal data flash/NVS/flash emulation where supported; include wear levelling and power-fail protection.
- Interrupts / DMA
- GPIO/peripheral interrupts are available. DMA capability is device-specific; confirm channels, request mapping and memory-access restrictions in the reference manual.
- Sleep and power
- Use the light/deep/standby modes offered by the device. Measure board current because regulators, LEDs and USB interfaces can dominate MCU sleep current.
- Boot and programming
- Confirm boot-mode pins before reset. Use the official bootloader/programmer and retain a recoverable debug/programming header.
Special and restricted pins
Reset, clock, debug, USB, crystal and analogue-reference pins have special electrical or boot functions. Avoid loading them until the boot sequence is understood.
Boot-strapping warnings
Check BOOT/RESET/programming pin truth tables before assigning peripherals; keep required pull resistors fitted.
I/O voltage warnings
3.3 V domain. Never exceed VDD + permitted injection limits; level-shift incompatible modules and share ground only where safe.
Memory map and registers
Start with the memory map: code flash, SRAM, peripheral registers and system/control space. Use vendor headers instead of hard-coded addresses, then study GPIO direction/output/input, clock-enable, interrupt and timer registers.
Board-selection guidance
Choose this device only after checking logic voltage, required interfaces, memory margin, timers/ADC resolution, debugging access, package availability and long-term tool support.
Common faults and troubleshooting
Not detected: verify data USB cable, driver, boot mode and target power. Upload failure: select the exact target and programmer. Unstable operation: inspect supply ripple, reset, clock and watchdog cause. Wrong readings: check reference voltage, grounding, pin multiplexing and calibration.
Interview and viva questions
What is the difference between an absolute maximum and an operating limit?
Absolute maximum prevents damage; reliable design stays within recommended operating conditions.
Why must peripheral clocks be enabled?
Many MCUs gate clocks to save power; registers may not operate until the peripheral clock is enabled.
Why preserve a debug interface?
It enables programming, breakpoints, fault inspection and production recovery.
What causes GPIO damage?
Over-voltage, excess source/sink current, negative injection, ESD or driving against another output.
