Automatic Plant Irrigation System

Project Overview

Water plants automatically when soil moisture falls below an adjustable threshold.

Objectives & Learning Outcomes

Sensor calibration, hysteresis, pump timing and dry-run protection

Required Hardware

ESP32, capacitive moisture sensor, low-voltage pump, relay/MOSFET, water-level sensor

Suggested Build Stages

1. Review the components and create a low-voltage wiring plan.
2. Assemble the prototype and test each sensor or module individually.
3. Implement firmware, display or communications in small verified steps.
4. Integrate the modules and document operating states and failures.
5. Run validation tests and prepare demonstration documentation.

Testing & Validation

Test dry/wet readings, reservoir empty state and noisy sensor values.

Suggested Deliverables

Working demonstration, wiring diagram, commented firmware, test observations, component list, project report outline and presentation outline.

Educational project concept. Verify circuit values, actual component compatibility and safe operating limits before assembly. Illustrations are representative, not exact build photographs.